Introduction to ggplot as an entry way to R for beginners

# Introduction to ggplot as an entry way to R for beginners
## Teaching Tomorrow’s Scientists: <br>An ASCB Virtual Meeting
### Mine Dogucu
### 2020-05-30 <br><br> 🔗<a href="https://bit.ly/ascb-ggplot">bit.ly/ascb-ggplot</a>

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<div class="my-header"></div>

<div class="my-footer"> 
 CC BY-SA <a href="https://mdogucu.ics.uci.edu">Mine Dogucu</a></div>

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## License

More information can be found [here](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/)

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## A ggplot

## Background

- `ggplot`'s gg stands for Grammar of Graphics.

- Grammar of Graphics is a book by Leland Wilkenson.

- The ggplot2 is an R package written by Hadley Wickham.

---

## First Week Goals

<td> .large[Prerequisite <br>Knowledge <br> <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M212.333 224.333H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V12C0 5.373 5.373 0 12 0h48c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v78.112C117.773 39.279 184.26 7.47 258.175 8.007c136.906.994 246.448 111.623 246.157 248.532C504.041 393.258 393.12 504 256.333 504c-64.089 0-122.496-24.313-166.51-64.215-5.099-4.622-5.334-12.554-.467-17.42l33.967-33.967c4.474-4.474 11.662-4.717 16.401-.525C170.76 415.336 211.58 432 256.333 432c97.268 0 176-78.716 176-176 0-97.267-78.716-176-176-176-58.496 0-110.28 28.476-142.274 72.333h98.274c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v48c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"/></svg>]</td>
<td> .large[Access <br>R <br> <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 640 512"><path d="M624 416H381.54c-.74 19.81-14.71 32-32.74 32H288c-18.69 0-33.02-17.47-32.77-32H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 35.2 28.8 64 64 64h512c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64v-16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16zM576 48c0-26.4-21.6-48-48-48H112C85.6 0 64 21.6 64 48v336h512V48zm-64 272H128V64h384v256z"/></svg>]</td>
<td> .large[Visualize <br>Data <br> <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M496 384H64V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-32c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zM464 96H345.94c-21.38 0-32.09 25.85-16.97 40.97l32.4 32.4L288 242.75l-73.37-73.37c-12.5-12.5-32.76-12.5-45.25 0l-68.69 68.69c-6.25 6.25-6.25 16.38 0 22.63l22.62 22.62c6.25 6.25 16.38 6.25 22.63 0L192 237.25l73.37 73.37c12.5 12.5 32.76 12.5 45.25 0l96-96 32.4 32.4c15.12 15.12 40.97 4.41 40.97-16.97V112c.01-8.84-7.15-16-15.99-16z"/></svg>] </td>

</tr>

</table>

---

## Prerequisite Knowledge

- Data Matrix
- Cases / Observations (Rows)
- Variables (Columns)
- Numeric vs. Categorical Variables 
- Plot Types (histogram, bar plot, scatter plot etc.)

---

```r
births
```

```
##     fAge mAge weeks premature visits gained weight sexBaby             smoke
## 1     31   30    39 full term     13      1   6.88    male     smoker mother
## 2     34   36    39 full term      5     35   7.69    male non-smoker mother
## 3     36   35    40 full term     12     29   8.88    male non-smoker mother
## 4     41   40    40 full term     13     30   9.00  female non-smoker mother
## 5     42   37    40 full term     NA     10   7.94    male non-smoker mother
## 6     37   28    40 full term     12     35   8.25    male     smoker mother
## 7     35   35    28    premie      6     29   1.63  female non-smoker mother
## 8     28   21    35    premie      9     15   5.50  female     smoker mother
## 9     22   20    32    premie      5     40   2.69    male     smoker mother
## 10    36   25    40 full term     13     34   8.75  female non-smoker mother
## 11    27   19    32    premie      5     32   6.50  female non-smoker mother
## 12    35   34    40 full term     15     20   7.44    male non-smoker mother
## 13    25   19    41 full term     13     47   8.38    male     smoker mother
## 14    36   33    38 full term     10     20   6.00    male non-smoker mother
## 15    27   27    39 full term     11      5   7.81    male     smoker mother
## 16    24   23    38 full term     13     22   7.81  female non-smoker mother
## 17    33   40    36    premie     13     23   7.81  female non-smoker mother
## 18    NA   23    40 full term     10     30   7.31    male non-smoker mother
## 19    28   27    33    premie      6     18   4.75    male     smoker mother
## 20    25   22    34    premie     10     20   3.75    male non-smoker mother
## 21    35   31    37 full term     12     37   8.06  female non-smoker mother
## 22    NA   38    32    premie     10     16   2.19  female     smoker mother
## 23    NA   26    42 full term     15     30   7.38    male     smoker mother
## 24    29   30    39 full term     10     43   6.88  female non-smoker mother
## 25    24   22    40 full term     16     34   6.88  female     smoker mother
## 26    25   25    38 full term     19     13   7.63  female non-smoker mother
## 27    34   33    43 full term     13     25   9.13    male     smoker mother
## 28    NA   20    39 full term     15     70   7.38  female     smoker mother
## 29    NA   28    37 full term     13     35   8.25  female non-smoker mother
## 30    28   26    39 full term     15     45   7.19  female non-smoker mother
## 31    27   27    39 full term     14     31   7.56  female non-smoker mother
## 32    NA   21    36    premie     15     10   6.81    male non-smoker mother
## 33    NA   24    38 full term     16     50   3.75  female non-smoker mother
## 34    NA   25    38 full term     11     27   8.75    male non-smoker mother
## 35    33   30    37 full term     10     57   6.56    male non-smoker mother
## 36    27   25    40 full term     11     26   7.44    male non-smoker mother
## 37    NA   25    39 full term      5     37   6.00  female     smoker mother
## 38    29   21    39 full term     18     13   7.75  female non-smoker mother
## 39    33   30    39 full term      9     42   7.81    male     smoker mother
## 40    NA   24    39 full term      6     30   6.13  female     smoker mother
## 41    NA   23    42 full term      9     22   8.81    male non-smoker mother
## 42    29   26    39 full term     14     65   7.75  female     smoker mother
## 43    35   28    38 full term     10     25   6.88    male non-smoker mother
## 44    27   22    35    premie     12     30   4.69    male non-smoker mother
## 45    33   25    35    premie     15     18   6.75    male non-smoker mother
## 46    27   22    39 full term     12     30   6.94  female     smoker mother
## 47    30   25    35    premie     15     40   4.50    male     smoker mother
## 48    NA   23    44 full term      4     55   8.13  female     smoker mother
## 49    21   22    40 full term     10     85   5.81    male non-smoker mother
## 50    NA   32    37 full term      8     30   6.81  female non-smoker mother
## 51    34   34    38 full term     11     23   7.25    male non-smoker mother
## 52    22   22    39 full term     14     29   7.19  female non-smoker mother
## 53    35   31    40 full term     10     45   8.00  female non-smoker mother
## 54    25   26    39 full term     12     40   8.38    male non-smoker mother
## 55    22   26    39 full term     12     31   7.31    male     smoker mother
## 56    22   34    39 full term     12     57   9.69    male non-smoker mother
## 57    40   40    38 full term     13     38   7.31    male non-smoker mother
## 58    24   18    37 full term      8     25   6.19    male     smoker mother
## 59    42   38    41 full term     15     35  10.13  female non-smoker mother
## 60    30   28    39 full term     13      0   7.50  female non-smoker mother
## 61    35   31    40 full term     15     32   6.25    male non-smoker mother
## 62    39   27    39 full term     12     58   8.56    male     smoker mother
## 63    28   18    41 full term     10     11   6.50  female non-smoker mother
## 64    29   29    44 full term     12     51   8.50    male non-smoker mother
## 65    28   24    39 full term     11     NA   7.50  female non-smoker mother
## 66    33   35    38 full term     10     20   6.44  female     smoker mother
## 67    29   31    36    premie      8     42   5.94    male     smoker mother
## 68    19   20    34    premie     13      6   4.50    male non-smoker mother
## 69    NA   19    39 full term     11     48   8.38  female     smoker mother
## 70    43   31    41 full term      5     20   7.06  female     smoker mother
## 71    33   27    41 full term     15     38   7.00    male     smoker mother
## 72    27   21    41 full term      8     26   5.94  female non-smoker mother
## 73    29   30    39 full term     15     44   6.38    male     smoker mother
## 74    NA   20    37 full term     10     26   5.38  female     smoker mother
## 75    NA   16    40 full term      4     12   6.00  female non-smoker mother
## 76    34   34    37 full term     17     35   6.88  female non-smoker mother
## 77    26   26    41 full term     10     68   9.31    male non-smoker mother
## 78    22   22    40 full term     13      0   6.50    male     smoker mother
## 79    31   32    38 full term      6     27   6.75  female non-smoker mother
## 80    39   37    38 full term      5     45   5.13    male non-smoker mother
## 81    NA   37    38 full term      3     NA   7.50    male     smoker mother
## 82    34   36    38 full term      4     25   6.88    male     smoker mother
## 83    NA   32    33    premie     10     60   5.06    male non-smoker mother
## 84    30   24    41 full term     12     40   8.13    male     smoker mother
## 85    30   29    39 full term     14     30   5.38    male non-smoker mother
## 86    27   24    40 full term     11      8   7.69  female non-smoker mother
## 87    NA   23    41 full term     14     19   7.88  female non-smoker mother
## 88    24   21    41 full term     13     40   7.88  female non-smoker mother
## 89    34   29    39 full term     15     24   8.25  female non-smoker mother
## 90    32   25    41 full term     13     50   7.75  female non-smoker mother
## 91    26   25    40 full term     10     25   7.00    male non-smoker mother
## 92    NA   41    33    premie     13      0   5.69  female non-smoker mother
## 93    26   23    42 full term     14     23   6.75    male non-smoker mother
## 94    25   34    41 full term     10     35   8.19  female non-smoker mother
## 95    24   19    40 full term     12     36   8.19    male non-smoker mother
## 96    35   31    39 full term     15     35   7.44    male non-smoker mother
## 97    35   36    38 full term     18     37   8.25    male non-smoker mother
## 98    28   25    40 full term      7     31   9.19    male non-smoker mother
## 99    34   31    40 full term     14     44   7.50  female non-smoker mother
## 100   35   33    40 full term     16     30   6.81    male non-smoker mother
## 101   30   25    40 full term     12     35   8.13    male non-smoker mother
## 102   26   20    41 full term     16     21   6.31  female     smoker mother
## 103   24   22    39 full term     12     32   8.38    male non-smoker mother
## 104   NA   26    38 full term     14     40   8.00    male     smoker mother
## 105   34   27    39 full term     16     24   8.88    male     smoker mother
## 106   NA   20    40 full term     17     39   9.06    male     smoker mother
## 107   26   17    38 full term     11     30   9.50  female non-smoker mother
## 108   NA   18    40 full term     12     13   8.75    male non-smoker mother
## 109   34   33    39 full term     10     40   8.06    male non-smoker mother
## 110   20   23    39 full term     15     56   7.31    male     smoker mother
## 111   21   16    38 full term     15     75   7.56  female     smoker mother
## 112   22   20    38 full term      8     45   7.44  female non-smoker mother
## 113   32   35    38 full term     17     55   7.50  female non-smoker mother
## 114   37   35    40 full term     16     32   7.31  female non-smoker mother
## 115   36   30    39 full term     11     21   7.88    male non-smoker mother
## 116   31   23    44 full term     14     40   6.81    male non-smoker mother
## 117   20   20    37 full term     12     22   5.94  female non-smoker mother
## 118   46   39    38 full term     10     35   6.75    male     smoker mother
## 119   23   25    37 full term      8     53   7.69  female non-smoker mother
## 120   28   21    38 full term     12     40   7.38    male non-smoker mother
## 121   25   19    40 full term     16     37   7.94    male     smoker mother
## 122   NA   24    39 full term      8     22   5.00  female     smoker mother
## 123   17   20    39 full term     16     35   5.63  female non-smoker mother
## 124   27   23    43 full term     15     30   7.81  female non-smoker mother
## 125   33   27    41 full term     14     58   8.00    male non-smoker mother
## 126   NA   18    33    premie      7     40   1.69    male     smoker mother
## 127   26   23    38 full term      5     28   7.19  female non-smoker mother
## 128   37   33    36    premie     11     15   6.31    male     smoker mother
## 129   32   24    39 full term      8     23   6.88  female     smoker mother
## 130   24   22    42 full term      7     21   6.50  female non-smoker mother
## 131   17   17    29    premie      4     10   2.63  female non-smoker mother
## 132   18   15    37 full term     12     76   8.44    male non-smoker mother
## 133   24   20    41 full term     16     35   7.19    male non-smoker mother
## 134   NA   21    41 full term     12     32   8.38    male non-smoker mother
## 135   20   17    40 full term     17     38   7.19    male non-smoker mother
## 136   25   22    39 full term     12     27   6.31  female     smoker mother
## 137   33   33    38 full term     15     60   6.56    male non-smoker mother
## 138   23   21    40 full term     15     38   7.63  female non-smoker mother
## 139   36   28    39 full term     15     40   8.38    male non-smoker mother
## 140   31   29    41 full term     12     30   7.69    male     smoker mother
## 141   NA   23    36    premie      2     27   5.88  female non-smoker mother
## 142   NA   19    39 full term      7      0   7.31    male     smoker mother
## 143   47   24    40 full term     12     46   6.88    male non-smoker mother
## 144   NA   35    37 full term     10     25   5.63    male     smoker mother
## 145   30   29    38 full term     17     55   7.00  female non-smoker mother
## 146   NA   17    40 full term     15     20   7.63  female non-smoker mother
## 147   NA   37    39 full term      5     20   8.19  female     smoker mother
## 148   31   32    37 full term     12     22   6.00  female non-smoker mother
## 149   33   28    41 full term     10     30   8.13    male non-smoker mother
## 150   38   37    26    premie      5     25   3.63    male non-smoker mother
```

---

```r
glimpse(births)
```

```
## Rows: 150
## Columns: 9
## $ fAge      <int> 31, 34, 36, 41, 42, 37, 35, 28, 22, 36, 27, 35, 25, 36, 2...
## $ mAge      <int> 30, 36, 35, 40, 37, 28, 35, 21, 20, 25, 19, 34, 19, 33, 2...
## $ weeks     <int> 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 40, 28, 35, 32, 40, 32, 40, 41, 38, 3...
## $ premature <fct> full term, full term, full term, full term, full term, fu...
## $ visits    <int> 13, 5, 12, 13, NA, 12, 6, 9, 5, 13, 5, 15, 13, 10, 11, 13...
## $ gained    <int> 1, 35, 29, 30, 10, 35, 29, 15, 40, 34, 32, 20, 47, 20, 5,...
## $ weight    <dbl> 6.88, 7.69, 8.88, 9.00, 7.94, 8.25, 1.63, 5.50, 2.69, 8.7...
## $ sexBaby   <fct> male, male, male, female, male, male, female, female, mal...
## $ smoke     <fct> smoker mother, non-smoker mother, non-smoker mother, non-...
```

---

If you wanted to make the following plot and R could understand English what would you tell R? Decide with your neighbor(s).

---

## Three Steps of Making a basic ggplot

- Decide on what dataset to plot.

- Decide on what goes on the axes.

- Decide on the type of the plot.

---

## Step 1 - Decide on what dataset to plot

```r
ggplot(births)
```
]
.right-panel[

![](slides_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png)
]

---

## Step 2 - Decide on variables and their axes

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke)
```
]
.right-panel[

![](slides_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png)
]

---

## Step 3 - Decide on the type of plot

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke) +
  geom_bar() 
```
]
.right-panel[

![](slides_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png)
]

---

## Example

---

## Example

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight) +
  geom_histogram() 
```
]
.right-panel[

![](slides_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png)
]

---

## geom_bar()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> categorical </td>
    <td> &emsp; &emsp; </td>
  </tr>
</table>

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke) +
  geom_bar() 
```

]

]
---

## geom_histogram()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> numeric </td>
    <td> &emsp; &emsp;</td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight) +
  geom_histogram() 
```

]

]

---

## geom_boxplot()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> categorical </td>
    <td> numeric </td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke, 
      y = weight) +
  geom_boxplot() 
```

]

]

---

## geom_point()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> numeric </td>
    <td> numeric </td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight, 
      y = gained) +
  geom_point() 
```

]

]

---

You can add layers on top of   
layers on top of  
layers on top of   
layers...

---

## geom_point() and geom_smooth()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> numeric </td>
    <td> numeric </td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight, 
      y = gained) +
  geom_point()  +
  geom_smooth()
```

]

]

---

## geom_point() and geom_smooth()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> numeric </td>
    <td> numeric </td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

We can set the smoothing method to be _lm_ (linear model).

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight, 
      y = gained) +
  geom_point()   +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm")
```

]

]

---

## geom_point() and geom_smooth()

.left-panel[
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>x</th>
    <th>y</th>
  </tr>
  
   <tr> 
    <td> numeric </td>
    <td> numeric </td>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

We can set _se_ (standard error) to FALSE

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight, 
      y = gained) +
  geom_point()  +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", 
              se = FALSE)
```

]

]

---
class: center middle

## Colors

Pick your favorite color(s) from the list at:

[bit.ly/colors-r](http:/bit.ly/colors-r)

---

# color = ?

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke) +
  geom_bar(color = 'cyan') 
```

]

]

---

# fill = ?

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke) +
  geom_bar(color = 'cyan',
           fill = 'coral') 
```

]

]

---

# fill = ?

The fill argument can also be used for a variable. Note that this time fill is inside the `aes` function with the other variable. The colors are set by default.

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = smoke, 
      fill = premature) +
  geom_bar()
```

]

]

---

#labs

```r
ggplot(births) +
  aes(x = weight, 
      y = gained) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(x = "Birth Weight of the Baby",
       y = "Weight Gained by the Mother",
       title = "Relationship between Mother's and Baby's Weight",
       caption = "Based on a random sample of 100 births in North Carolina") 
```

]

]

---

## Plot Types

<th> Variable 1</th>
<th> Variable 2</th>
<th> Type of Plot</th>
<th> Geom object</th>

<tr> 
<td>Categorical</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Bar plot</td>
<td>geom_bar() </td>
</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Numeric</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Histogram </td>
<td>geom_histogram() </td>
</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Numeric</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Dot plot </td>
<td>geom_dotplot()</td>
</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Numeric</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Box plot </td>
<td> geom_boxplot()</td>
</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Categorical</td>
<td>Categorical </td>
<td>Stacked bar plot</td>
<td>geom_bar() </td>

</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Categorical</td>
<td>Numeric </td>
<td>Side-by-side box plot</td>
<td> geom_boxplot()</td>

</tr>

<tr> 
<td>Numeric</td>
<td>Numeric </td>
<td>Scatter plot</td>
<td> geom_point()</td>

</tr>

</table>

---

## Why start with ggplot?

- "A picture is worth a thousand words"

- For beginners, making visuals is more interesting  than calculating the median, interquartile range on a calculator.

- There is always a learning curve for learning R, however starting with ggplot makes that curve less steep.

--
- ggplot is widely used including by [BBC](https://bbc.github.io/rcookbook/), [fivethirtyeight](https://rdrr.io/cran/ggthemes/man/theme_fivethirtyeight.html), and [Associated Press](https://github.com/associatedpress/apstyle).

---

## A note on teaching ggplot

```r
ggplot(births, aes(x = smoke, 
                   y = weight)) +
  geom_boxplot() 
```

]

]

---

## A note on teaching ggplot

```r
ggplot(births) +
  geom_boxplot(aes(x = smoke, 
                   y = weight)) 
```

]

]

---

## First Week Goals

</tr>

</table>

---

## Accessing R (Three Ways)

Local installation <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 640 512"><path d="M624 416H381.54c-.74 19.81-14.71 32-32.74 32H288c-18.69 0-33.02-17.47-32.77-32H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 35.2 28.8 64 64 64h512c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64v-16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16zM576 48c0-26.4-21.6-48-48-48H112C85.6 0 64 21.6 64 48v336h512V48zm-64 272H128V64h384v256z"/></svg>  
[Download R](https://mirror.las.iastate.edu/CRAN/)  
[Download RStudio](https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/)   
Download ggplot2 and other required packages (e.g. `install.packages(ggplot2)`)
<hr>

Local Server <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M480 160H32c-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32V64c0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32h448c17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32v64c0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32zm-48-88c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24zm-64 0c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24zm112 248H32c-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32v-64c0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32h448c17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32v64c0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32zm-48-88c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24zm-64 0c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24zm112 248H32c-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32v-64c0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32h448c17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32v64c0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32zm-48-88c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24zm-64 0c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24s10.745 24 24 24 24-10.745 24-24-10.745-24-24-24z"/></svg>  
Requires IT support  
IT can do the downloads for the students.
<hr>

RStudio Cloud <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 640 512"><path d="M537.6 226.6c4.1-10.7 6.4-22.4 6.4-34.6 0-53-43-96-96-96-19.7 0-38.1 6-53.3 16.2C367 64.2 315.3 32 256 32c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160 0 2.7.1 5.4.2 8.1C40.2 219.8 0 273.2 0 336c0 79.5 64.5 144 144 144h368c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128 0-61.9-44-113.6-102.4-125.4z"/></svg>  
You download the packages.   
You have access to students work.  
Will not be free for teaching classes starting in Fall 2020

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Live Demo

.large[<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#7b7043;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"/></svg> [bit.ly/ascb-project](https://bit.ly/ascb-project)]

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## Teaching Tips

- If you start with R Markdown as opposed to R files, that will be there "normal" for the learner. 
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- Since there is a lot to learn all at once, avoid using a dataset that requires additional learning (e.g. cell biology)
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- Teach `aes()` where you think it makes the most sense.
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- Introduce colors (has a magical effect on the learner!)

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## Resources (All Open-Access)

- [OpenIntro Statistics Textbook](https://www.openintro.org/) for introducing students to data summaries and different types of plots (not necessarily using R)

- [R for Data Science](https://r4ds.had.co.nz/data-visualisation.html#coordinate-systems)

- [RStudio Cheat Sheets](https://rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets/)

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